KEY AREAS OF RESEARCH | Prof. Emily A. Holmes

Holmes, E. A., & Mathews, A. (2005). Mental imagery and emotion: a special relationship? Emotion, 5(4), 489-497.  https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.489

Holmes, E. A., Mathews, A., Dalgleish, T., & Mackintosh, B. (2006). Positive interpretation training: effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood. Behavior Therapy, 37(3), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.02.002

Holmes, E. A., Mathews, A., Mackintosh, B., & Dalgleish, T. (2008). The causal effect of mental imagery on emotion assessed using picture-word cues. Emotion, 8(3), 395-409. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.395

Holmes, E. A., Coughtrey, A. E., & Connor, A. (2008). Looking at or through rose-tinted glasses? Emotion, 8(6), 875-879. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013617

Nelis, S., Vanbrabant, K., Holmes, E. A., & Raes, F. (2012). Greater positive affect change after mental imagery than verbal thinking in a student sample. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3, 178-188. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.021111

Mathews, A., Ridgeway, V., & Holmes, E. A. (2013). Feels like the real thing: imagery is both more realistic and emotional than verbal thought. Cognition & Emotion, 27(2), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.698252

Moritz, S., Hormann, C. C., Schroder, J., Berger, T., Jacob, G. A., Meyer, B., Holmes, E. A., Spath, C., Hautzinger, M., Lutz, W., & Klein, J. P. (2014). Beyond words: sensory properties of depressive thoughts. Cognition and Emotion, 28(6), 1047-1056. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.868342

Pearson, J., Naselaris, T., Holmes, E. A., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2015). Mental imagery: functional mechanisms and clinical applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(10), 590-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.003

Slofstra, C., Eisma, M. C., Holmes, E. A., Bockting, C. L. H., & Nauta, M. H. (2017). Rethinking a negative event: the influence of verbal versus imagery-based processing on affective impact of aversive autobiographical memory recall. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8(82), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00082

Solfstra, C., Nauta, M. H., Holmes, E. A., Bos, E. H., Wichers, M., Batalas, N., Klein, N. S., & Bockting, C. L. H. (2018). Exploring the relation between visual mental imagery and affect in the daily life of previously depressed and never depressed individuals. Cognition and Emotion, 32(5), 1131-1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1365047

Renner, F., Murphy, F., Ji, J., Manly, T., & Holmes, E.A. (2019). Mental imagery as a “motivational amplifier” to promote activities. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 114, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.02.002

Hoppe, J. M., Holmes, E. A., & Agren, T. (2021). Exploring the neural basis of fear produced by mental imagery: imaginal exposure in individuals fearful of spiders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 376(1817), Article 20190690. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0690

Hackmann, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2004). Reflecting on imagery: a clinical perspective and overview of the special issue of Memory on mental imagery and memory in psychopathology. Memory, 12(4), 389-402.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000133

Day, S. J., Holmes, E. A., & Hackmann, A. (2004). Occurrence of imagery and its link with early memories in agoraphobia. Memory, 12(4), 416-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000034

Holmes, E. A., & Hackmann, A. (2004). A healthy imagination? Editorial for the special issue of Memory: Mental imagery in psychopathology. Memory, 12(4), 387-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000124

Hirsch, C. R., & Holmes, E. A. (2007). Mental imagery in anxiety disorders. Psychiatry, 6(4), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.01.005

Holmes, E. A., Arntz, A., & Smucker, M. R. (2007). Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: images, treatment techniques and outcomes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(4), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.007

Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Deeprose, C. (2009). Mental imagery and emotion in treatment across disorders: using the example of depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(suppl. 1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070902980729

Holmes, E. A., & Mathews, A. (2010). Mental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.001

Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2011). Intrusive imagery in psychopathology: a commentary. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 4(2), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2011.4.2.197

Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Blackwell, S. E. & Hales, S. (2011). “They flash upon that inward eye” The Psychologist, 24(5), 340-343. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/they-flash-upon-inward-eye and ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233540861_They_flash_upon_that_inward_eye_Mental_imagery_in_the_lab_and_the_clinic

Hagenaars, M. A., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Mental Imagery in Psychopathology: another Step. Editorial for the special issue on Mental Imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3(2), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/204380871200300201

Di Simplicio, M., McInerney, J. E., Goodwin, G. M., Attenburrow, M., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Revealing the mind’s eye: bringing (mental) images into psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(12), 1245-1246. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12040499

Nelis, S., Vanbrabant, K., Holmes, E. A., & Raes, F. (2012). Greater positive affect change after mental imagery than verbal thinking in a student sample. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3, 178-188. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.021111

Burnett Heyes, S., Lau, J. Y., & Holmes, E. A. (2013). Mental imagery, emotion and psychopathology across child and adolescent development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.02.004

Moritz, S., Hormann, C. C., Schroder, J., Berger, T., Jacob, G. A., Meyer, B., Holmes, E. A., Spath, C., Hautzinger, M., Lutz, W., & Klein, J. P. (2014). Beyond words: sensory properties of depressive thoughts. Cognition and Emotion, 28(6), 1047-1056. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.868342

Ji, J. L., Burnett Heyes, S., MacLeod, C., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). Emotional mental imagery as simulation of reality: fear and beyond – a tribute to Peter Lang. Behavior Therapy, 47(5), 702-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.11.004

Ji, J., Kavanagh, D., Holmes, E.A., MacLeod, C., & Di Simplicio, M. (2019). Mental Imagery in Psychiatry: Conceptual and Clinical Implications. CNS Spectrums, 24(1), 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852918001487

Holmes, E. A., Brewin, C. R., & Hennessy, R. G. (2004). Trauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(1), 3-22.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.3

Stuart, A. D. P., Holmes, E. A., & Brewin, C. R. (2006). The influence of a visuospatial grounding task on intrusive images of a traumatic film. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(4), 611-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.04.004

Holmes, E. A., & Bourne, C. (2008). Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: a review of the trauma film paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 127(3), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.11.002

Krans, J., Näring, G., Holmes, E. A., & Becker, E. S. (2009). Tell me more: can a memory test reduce analogue traumatic intrusions? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(5), 426-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.009

Krans, J., Näring, G., Holmes, E. A., & Becker, E. S. (2009). ‘I see what you are saying’: intrusive images from listening to a traumatic verbal report. Journal of Affective Disorder, 24 (1), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.09.009

Krans, J., Näring, G., Holmes, E. A., & Becker, E. S. (2010). Motion effects on intrusion development. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 11(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299730903318483

Hagenaars, M. A., Brewin, C. R., van Minnen, A., Holmes, E. A., & Hoogduin, K. A. L. (2010). Intrusive images and intrusive thoughts as different phenomena: two experimental studies. Memory, 18(1), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903476522

Bourne, C., Frasquilho, F., Roth, A. D., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Is it mere distraction? Peri-traumatic verbal tasks can increase analogue flashbacks. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(3), 316-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.001

Woud, M. L., Holmes, E. A., Postma, P., Dalgleish, T., & Mackintosh, B. (2012) Ameliorating intrusive memories of distressing experiences using computerized reappraisal training. Emotion, 12(4), 778-784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024992

Woud, M. L., Postma, P., Holmes, E. A., & Mackintosh, B. (2013). Reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training – Considering a cognitive prophylaxis? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(3), 312-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.01.003

James, E. L., Lau-Zhu, A., Clark, I. A., Visser, R. M., Hagenaars, M. A., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). The trauma film paradigm as an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma: intrusive memories and beyond. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 106-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.010

Lau-Zhu, A., Holmes, E. A., & Porcheret, K. (2018) Intrusive memories of trauma in the laboratory: Methodological developments and future directions. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 5 (1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0141-1

Schweizer, T., Renner, F., Sun, D., Kleim, B., Holmes, E. A<., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2018). Psychophysiological reactivity, coping behaviour and intrusive memories upon multisensory Virtual Reality and Script-Driven Imagery analogue trauma: A randomised controlled crossover study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 59, 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.005

Porcheret, K., van Heugten-van der Kloet, D., Goodwin, G. M., Foster, R. G., Wulff, K., & Holmes, E. A. (2019). Investigation of the impact of total sleep deprivation at home on the number of intrusive memories to an analogue trauma. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0403-z

Herz, N., Bar-Haim, Y., Holmes, E. A., & Censor, N. (2020). Intrusive memories: A mechanistic signature for emotional memory persistence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, Article 103752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103752

Woud, M. L., Blackwell, S. E., Shkreli, L., Würtz, F., Cwik, J. C., Margraf, J., Holmes, E. A., Steudte-Schmiedgen, S., Herpertz, S., & Kessler, H. (2021). The Effects of Modifying Dysfunctional Appraisals in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using a Form of Cognitive Bias Modification: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in an Inpatient Setting. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90(6), 386–402. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514166

Lau-Zhu, A., Henson, R. N., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). Selectively Interfering with Intrusive but not Voluntary Memories of a Trauma Film: Accounting for the Role of Associative Memory. Clinical Psychological Science, 9(6), 1128–1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702621998315

Brennen, T., Blix, I., Nissen, A., Holmes, E. A., Skumlien, M., & Solberg, Ø. (2021). Investigating the frequency of intrusive memories after 24 hours using a visuospatial interference intervention: A follow-up and extension. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), Article 1953788. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1953788

Lilley, S. A., Andrade, J., Turpin, G., Sabin-Farrell, R., & Holmes, E. A. (2009). Visuospatial working memory interference with recollections of trauma. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466508X398943

Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Coode-Bate, T., & Deeprose, C. (2009). Can Playing the Computer Game ‘Tetris’ Reduce the Build-up of Flashbacks for Trauma?’ A Proposal from Cognitive Science. PLoS ONE, 4(1), e4153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004153

Holmes, E. A., James, E. L., Kilford, E. J., & Deeprose, C. (2010). Key steps in developing a cognitive vaccine against traumatic flashbacks: visuospatial Tetris versus verbal Pub Quiz. PLoS ONE. 5(11), e13706. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013706

Deeprose, C., Zhang, S., Dejong, H, Dalgleish, T., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Imagery in the aftermath of viewing a traumatic film: using cognitive tasks to modulate the development of involuntary memory. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(2), 758-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.008

Davies, C., Malik, A., Pictet, A., Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Involuntary memories after a positive film are dampened by a visuospatial task: unhelpful in depression but helpful in mania? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(4), 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1800

James, E. L., Bonsall, M. B., Hoppitt, L., Tunbridge, E. M., Geddes, J. R., Milton, A. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Computer game play reduces intrusive memories of experimental trauma via reconsolidation update mechanisms. Psychological Science, 26(8), 1201-2015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615583071

James, E. L., Lau Zhu, A., Tickle, H., Horsch, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). Playing the computer game Tetris prior to viewing traumatic film material and subsequent intrusive memories: examining proactive interference. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 53, 25-33.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.11.004

Lau-Zhu, A., Holmes, E. A., Butterfield, S., & Holmes, J. (2017). Selective association between Tetris game play and visuospatial working memory: a preliminary investigation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 31(4), 438-445/ https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3339

Hagenaars, M. A., Holmes, E. A., Klaassen, F., & Elzinga, B. (2017). Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup1), 1386959. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20008198.2017.1386959

Lau-Zhu, A., Henson, R., & Holmes, E. A. (2019). Intrusive memories and voluntary memory of a trauma film: Differential effects of a cognitive interference task after encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(12), 2154-2180. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000598

Kessler, H., Schmidt, A. C., James, E. L., Blackwell, S. E., von Rauchhaupt, M., Harren, K., Kehyayan, A., Clark, I. A., Sauvage, M., Herpertz, S., Axmacher, N. & Holmes. E. A. (2020). Visuospatial computer game play after memory reminder delivered three days after a traumatic film reduces the number of intrusive memories of the experimental trauma. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 67, Article 101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.01.006

Asselbergs, J., van Bentum, J., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Holmes, E. A., & Sijbrandij, M. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive interventions to prevent intrusive memories using the trauma film paradigm. Journal of psychiatric research, 159, 116–129. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.028

Hemi, A., Sopp, M. R., Perel, A., Holmes, E. A., & Levy-Gigi, E. (2023). Cognitive Flexibility Moderates the Efficacy of a Visuospatial Intervention Following Exposure to Analog Trauma. Journal of Behavior Therapy And Experimental Psychiatry, 81, 101858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101858

Brewin, C. R., & Holmes, E. A. (2003). Psychology and cognitive processing in PTSD. Psychiatry, 2(6), 28-31

Brewin, C. R., & Holmes, E. A. (2003). Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(3), 339-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00033-3

Holmes, E. A. (2004). Intrusive, emotional mental imagery and trauma: experimental and clinical clues. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 23(2&3), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.2190/HJG1-7UPH-B3K0-P9H5

Krans, J., Näring, G., Becker, E. S., & Holmes, E. A. (2009). Intrusive trauma memory: a review and functional analysis. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1076-1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1611

Bourne, C., Mackay, C. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2013). The neural basis of flashback formation: the impact of viewing trauma. Psychological Medicine, 43(17), 1521-1533. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002358

Clark, I. A., Niehaus, K. E., Duff, E. P., Di Simplicio, M. C., Clifford, G, D., Smith, S. M., Mackay, C. E., Woolrich, M. W., & Holmes, E. A. (2014). First steps in using machine learning on fMRI data to predict intrusive memories of traumatic film footage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 62, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.010

Clark, I. A., Mackay, C. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2014). Low emotional response to traumatic footage is associated with an absence of analogue flashbacks: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 16 trauma film paradigm experiments. Cognition and Emotion, 29(4), 702-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.926861

Visser, R. M, Lau-Zhu, A., Henson, R. N., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Multiple memory systems, multiple time points: how science can inform treatment to control the expression of unwanted emotional memories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1742), 20170209.  https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0209

Andersson, E., Kavanagh, D., & Holmes, E.A. (2018). Innovations in digital interventions for psychological trauma: harnessing advances in cognitive science. mHealth, 4, 47. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2018.09.11

Monfils, M. H., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Memory boundaries: opening a window inspired by reconsolidation to treat anxiety, trauma-related and addiction disorders. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(12), 1032-1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30270-0

Iyadurai, L., Visser, R. M., Lau-Zhu, A., Porcheret, K., Horsch, A., Holmes, E. A., & James, E. (2019). Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 67-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.005

Penninx, B. WJH., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021). Anxiety Disorders: Lancet Seminar. The Lancet, 397(10277), 914-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00359-7

Astill Wright, L. A., Horstmann, L., Holmes, E. A., & Bisson, J. I. (2021). Consolidation/reconsolidation therapies for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and re-experiencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), Article 453. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01570-w

Agren, T., Hoppe, J. M., Singh, L., Holmes, E. A., & Rosén, J. (2021). The neural basis of Tetris gameplay: Implicating the role of visuospatial processing. Current Psychology 42, 815-816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02081-z

Joensen, B. H., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2022). Persistence, Intrusive Memories, and the Seventh Seal. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 11(4), 478–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/mac0000091.

Bonsall, M. B., & Holmes, E. A. (2023). Temporal dynamics of trauma memory persistence. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 20</i(203). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0108

Horsch, A., Vial, Y., Favrod, C. Harari, M. M., Blackwell, S. E., Watson, P., Iyadurai, L., Bonsall, M. B., & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency Caesarean section: a proof-of-principle randomized controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 94, 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.03.018

Iyadurai, L., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Watson, P. C., Bonsall, M. B., Geddes, J. R., Nobre, A. C. &. Holmes, E. A. (2018). Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(3), 674-682. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.23

Woud, M. L., Blackwell, S. E., Cwik, J. C., Margraf, J., Holmes, E. A., Steudte-Schmiedgen, S., & Kessler, H. (2018). Augmenting inpatient treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder with a computerized cognitive bias modification procedure targeting appraisals (CBM-App): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open, 8(6), e019964. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019964

Kessler, H., Holmes, E. A., Blackwell, S. E., Schmidt, A. C., Schweer, J. M., Bücker, A., Herpertz, S., Axmacher, N., & Kehyayan, A. (2018). Reducing Intrusive Memories of Trauma Using a Visuospatial Interference Intervention with Inpatients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(12), 1076-1090. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000340

Luik., A., Iyadurai, L., Gebhardt, I., & Holmes, E.A. (2019). Sleep disturbance and intrusive memories after presenting to the emergency department following a traumatic motor vehicle accident: An exploratory analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), Article 1556550. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1556550

Sandoz, V., Deforges, C., Stuijfzand, S., Epiney, M., Vial, Y., Sekarski, N., Messerli-Bürgy, N., Ehlert, U., Bickle-Graz, M., Morisod Harari, M., Porcheret, K., Schechter, D. S., Ayers, S., Holmes, E. A., Horsch, A., & START Research Consortium (2019). Improving mental health and physiological stress responses in mothers following traumatic childbirth and in their infants: study protocol for the Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial (START). BMJ Open, 9(12), Article e032469. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032469

Porcheret, K., Iyadurai, L., Bonsall, M., Goodwin, G., Beer S., Darwent, M., & Holmes, E.A. (2020). Sleep and intrusive memories immediately after a traumatic event in emergency department patients. Sleep Journal, 43(8), Article zsaa033. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa033

Iyadurai, L., Hales, S. A., Blackwell, S. E., Young, K., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). Targeting intrusive imagery using a competing task technique: a case study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48(6), 739–744. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000296

Kanstrup, M., Kontio, E., Geranmayeh, A., Olofsdotter Lauri, K., Moulds, M. & Holmes, E. A. (2021). A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2489

Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Göransson, K. E., Widoff, J., Taylor, R. S., Gamble, B., Iyadurai, L., Moulds, M., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief cognitive task intervention in the hospital emergency department: An exploratory pilot randomised controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01124-6

Gamble, B., Depa, K., Holmes, E. A. & Kanstrup, M. (2021). Digitalizing a Brief Intervention to Reduce Intrusive Memories of Psychological Trauma: Qualitative Interview Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8(2), Article e23712. https://doi.org/10.2196/23712

Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Göransson, K. E., Gamble, B., Taylor, R. S., Iyadurai, L., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). A simple cognitive task intervention to prevent intrusive memories after trauma in patients in the Emergency Department: A randomized controlled trial terminated due to COVID-19. BMC research notes, 14(1), Article 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05572-1

Singh, L., Kanstrup, M., Depa, K., Falk, A. C., Lindström, V., Dahl, O., Göransson, K. E., Rudman, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2021). Digitalizing a Brief Intervention to Reduce Intrusive Memories of Psychological Trauma for Health Care Staff Working During COVID-19: Exploratory Pilot Study With Nurses. JMIR Formative Research, 5(5), Article e27473. https://doi.org/10.2196/27473

Thorarinsdottir, K., Holmes, E. A., Hardarson, J. P., Hedinsdottir, U., Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Hauksdottir, A., Halldorsdottir, T., Guðmundsdottir, B., Valdimarsdóttir, U., Bjork Thordardottir, E., Gamble, B., & Bjornsson, A. S. (2021). Reducing Intrusive Memories of Childhood Trauma Using a Visuospatial Intervention: A Case Study in Iceland. JMIR Formative Research 5(11), Article e29873. https://doi.org/10.2196/29873

Thorarinsdottir, K., Holmes, E. A., Hardarson, J. P., Hedinsdottir, U., Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Hauksdottir, A., Halldorsdottir, T., Guðmundsdottir, B., Valdimarsdóttir, U., Bjork Thordardottir, E., Gamble, B., & Bjornsson, A. S. (2021). Correction: Reducing Intrusive Memories of Childhood Trauma Using a Visuospatial Intervention: A Case Study in Iceland. JMIR Formative Research 5(11), Article e34897. https://doi.org/10.2196/34897

Kanstrup, M., Rudman, A., Göransson, K., Andersson, E., Olofsdotter Lauri, K., Rapoport, E., Sunnergård, L., Bragesjö, M., Andersson, E., Iyadurai, L., & Holmes, E.A. (2021). Reaching people soon after a traumatic event: An exploratory observational feasibility study of recruitment in the emergency department to deliver a brief behavioural intervention via smartphone to prevent intrusive memories of trauma. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 7(1), Article 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00916-x

Singh, L., Kanstrup, M., Gamble, B., Geranmayeh, A., Göransson, K. E., Rudman, A., Dahl, O., Lindström, V., Hörberg, A., Holmes, E. A., & Moulds, M. L. (2022). A first remotely-delivered guided brief intervention to reduce intrusive memories of psychological trauma for healthcare staff working during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 26, Article 100884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100884

Deforges, C., Fort, D., Stuijfzand, S., Holmes, E. A., & Horsch, A. (2022). Reducing childbirth-related intrusive memories and PTSD symptoms via a single-session behavioural intervention including a visuospatial task: A proof-of-principle study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 303, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.108

Thorarinsdottir, K., Holmes, E. A., Hardarsson, J., Stephensen, E. S., Jonasdottir, M. H., Kanstrup, M., Singh, L., Hauksdottir, A., Halldorsdottir, T., Gudmundsdottir, B., Thordardottir, B. E., Valdimarsdottir, U., & Bjornsson, A. (2022). Using a Brief Mental Imagery Competing Task to Reduce the Number of Intrusive Memories: An Exploratory Case Series with Trauma Exposed Women in Iceland. JMIR Formative Research 6(7), e37382. https://doi.org/10.2196/37382

Deforges, C., Sandoz, V., Noël, Y., Avignon, V., Desseauve, D., Bourdin, J., Vial, Y., Ayers, S., Holmes, E. A., Epiney, M., & Horsch, A. (2023). Single-session visuospatial task procedure to prevent childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a multicentre double-blind randomized controlled trial. Molecular Psychiatry, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02275-w

Ramineni, V., Millroth, P., Iyadurai, L., Jaki, T., Kingslake, J., Highfield, J., Summers, C., Bonsall, M. B., & Holmes, E. A. (2023). Treating intrusive memories after trauma in healthcare workers: A Bayesian adaptive randomized trial developing an imagery-competing task intervention. Molecular Psychiatry, 28, 2985–2994. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02062-7

Iyadurai, L., Highfield, J., Kanstrup, M., Markham, A., Ramineni, V., Guo, B., Jaki, T., Kingslake, J., Goodwin, G.M., Summers, C., Bonsall, M.B., & Holmes, E. A. (2023). Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via an imagery-competing task intervention in COVID-19 intensive care staff: a randomized controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), 290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02578-0

Hardarson, J. P., Gamble, B., Thorarinsdottir, K., Stephensen, E. S., Kanstrup, M., Gudmundsson, T., Valdimarsdóttir, U., Hauksdottir, A., Bjornsson, A. S., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2024). Developing a Brief Cognitive Task Intervention to Reduce Long-Standing Intrusive Memories of Trauma: A Feasibility Study With Remote Delivery for Women in Iceland. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 6(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.11237

Patel P, Brown S, Guo B, Holmes EA, Iyadurai L, Kingslake J, Highfield J, Morriss R (2024) Using a Novel Gameplay Intervention to Target Intrusive Memories After Work-Related Trauma: Iterative Qualitative Analysis of Intensive Care Unit Staff Experiences  JMIR Formative Research (JFR) 2024;8:e47458
doi: 10.2196/47458 

Kehyayan, A., Thiel, J. P., Unterberg, K., Salja, V., Meyer-Wehrmann, S., Holmes, E. A., … Kessler, H. (2024). The effect of a visuospatial interference intervention on posttraumatic intrusions: a cross-over randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2331402

Ahmed Pihlgren, S., Johansson, L., Holmes, E. A., & Kanstrup, M. (2024). Exploring healthcare workers’ experiences of a simple intervention to reduce their intrusive memories of psychological trauma: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2328956

Lang, T. J., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2009). Reducing depressive intrusions via a computerized cognitive bias modification of appraisals task: developing a cognitive vaccine. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(2), 139-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.002

Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Shah, D. M. (2009). Developing interpretation bias modification as a ‘cognitive vaccine’ for depressed mood: imagining positive events makes you feel better than thinking about them verbally. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(1), 76-88. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0012590

Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Modifying interpretation and imagination in clinical depression: a single case series using cognitive bias modification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(3), 338-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1680

Browning, M., Holmes, E. A., & Harmer, C. J. (2010). The modification of attentional bias to emotional information: a review of techniques, mechanisms and relevance to emotional disorders. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(1), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.10.1.8

Steel, C., Wykes, T., Ruddle, A., Smith, G., Shah, D. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Can we harness computerized cognitive bias modification to treat anxiety in schizophrenia? A first step highlighting the role of mental imagery. Psychiatry Research, 178(3), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.042

Browning, M., Holmes, E. A., Murphy, S. E., Goodwin, G. M., & Harmer, C. J. (2010). Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias. Biological Psychiatry, 67(10), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.031

Lothmann, C., Holmes, E. A., Chan, S. W. Y., & Lau, J. (2011). Cognitive bias modification training in adolescents: effects on interpretation biases and mood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02286.x

Berna, C., Lang, T. J., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2011). Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: an ambiguous scenarios test. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.005

Browning, M., Grol, M., Ly, V., Goodwin, G. M., Holmes, E. A., & Harmer, C. J. (2011). Using an experimental medicine model to explore combination effects of pharmacological and cognitive interventions for depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 2689-2697. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.159

Pictet, A., Coughtrey, A. E., Mathews, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2011). Fishing for happiness: the effects of positive imagery on interpretation bias and a behavioral task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(12), 885-891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.10.003

MacLeod, C., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Cognitive Bias Modification: an intervention approach worth attending to. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(2) 118-120. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11111682

Lang, T. J., Blackwell, S. E., Harmer, C. J., Davison, P., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Cognitive bias modification using mental imagery for depression: developing a novel computerized intervention to change negative thinking styles. European Journal of Personality, 26(2), p145-157. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.855

Browning, M., Holmes, E. A., Charles, M., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J. (2012). Using attentional bias modification as a cognitive vaccine against depression. Biological Psychiatry, 72(7), 572-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.014

Clark, I. A., Mackay, C. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2013). Positive involuntary autobiographical memories: you first have to live them. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(2), 402-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.01.008

Woud, M. L., Postma, P., Holmes, E. A., & Mackintosh, B. (2013). Reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training – Considering a cognitive prophylaxis? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(3), 312-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.01.003

Blackwell, S. E., Rius-Ottenheim, N., Schulte-van Maaren, Y. W. M., Carlier, I. V. E., Middelkoop, V. D., Zitman, F. G., Spinhoven, P., Holmes, E. A., & Giltay, E. J. (2013). Optimism and mental imagery: a possible cognitive marker to promote wellbeing? Psychiatry Research, 206(1), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.047

Williams, A. D., Blackwell, S. E., Mackenzie, A., Holmes, E. A., & Andrews, G. (2013). Combining imagination and reason in the treatment of depression: a randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive bias modification and internet-CBT for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(5), 793-799. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033247

Torkan, H., Blackwell, S. E., Holmes, E. A., Kalantari, M., Neshat-Doost, H. T., Maroufi, M., & Talebi, H. (2014). Positive imagery cognitive bias modification in treatment-seeking patients with major depression in Iran: a pilot study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 132-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9598-8

Newby, J. M., Lang, T. J., Werner-Seidler, A., Holmes, E. A., & Moulds, M. L. (2014). Alleviating distressing intrusive memories in depression: a comparison between computerised cognitive bias modification and cognitive behavioural education. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 56(100), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.001

Almeida, O. P., MacLeod, C., Ford, A., Grafton, B., Hirani, V., Glance, D., & Holmes, E. A. (2014). Cognitive bias modification to prevent depression (COPE): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 15(1), 282. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-282

Blackwell, S. E., Browning, M., Mathews, A., Pictet, A., Welch, J., Davies, J., Watson, P., Geddes, J. R. & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Positive imagery-based cognitive bias modification as a web-based treatment for depressed adults: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614560746

Williams, A. D., O’Moore, K., Blackwell, S. E., Smith, J., Holmes, E. A., & Andrews, G. (2015). Positive imagery cognitive bias modification (CBM) and Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 178, 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.026

Holmes, E. A., Blackwell, S. E., Burnett Heyes, S., Renner, F., & Raes, F. (2016). Mental imagery in depression: phenomenology, potential mechanisms, and treatment implications. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 249-280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-092925

Renner, F., Ji, J. L., Pictet, A., Holmes, E. A., & Blackwell, S. E. (2017). Effects of engaging in repeated mental imagery of future positive events on behavioural activation in individuals with major depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(3), 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9776-y

Ji, J. L., Holmes, E. A., & Blackwell, S. E. (2017). Seeing light at the end of the tunnel: positive prospective mental imagery and optimism in depression. Psychiatry Research, 247, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.025

Blackwell, S. E. & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Brightening the day with flashes of positive mental imagery: A case study of an individual with depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22455

Grafton, B., MacLeod, C., Rudaizky, D., Holmes, E. A., Salemink, E., Fox, E., & Notebaert, L. (2017). Confusing procedures with process when appraising the impact of cognitive bias modification on emotional vulnerability. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(5), 266-271. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176123

Murphy, S. E., O’Donoghue, C., Blackwell, S. E., Nobre, A. C., Browning, M., & Holmes, E. A. (2017). Increased rostral anterior cingulate activity following positive imagery cognitive training in healthy older adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neurosciences, 12(12), 1950–1958. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx120

Pile, V., Smith, P., Leamy, M., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Stringer, D., Ryan, E. B., Dunn, B., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). A Brief Early Intervention for Adolescent Depression that Targets Emotional Mental Images and Memories: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial (IMAGINE trial). Pilot and Feasibilities Studies, 4, 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-018-0287-3

Ji, J., Holmes, E. A., MacLeod, C., & Murphy, F. (2018). Spontaneous cognition in dysphoria: reduced positive bias in imagining the future. Psychological Research, 83(4), 817-831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1071-y

Murphy, F. C., Peers, P. V., Blackwell, S. E., Holmes, E. A., & Manly, T. (2019). Anticipated and imagined futures: prospective cognition and depressed mood following brain injury. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12202

Pile, V., Smith, P., Leamy, M., Oliver, A., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Dunn, B., Holmes, E. A., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2020). Harnessing Mental Imagery and Enhancing Memory Specificity: Developing a Brief Early Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45, 885-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10130-3

Pile, V., Smith, P., Leamy, M., Oliver, A., Bennett, E., Blackwell, S. E., Meiser-Stedman, R., Stringer, D., Dunn, B. D., Holmes, E. A., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2021). A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial of a Brief Early Intervention for Adolescent Depression that Targets Emotional Mental Images and Memory Specificity (IMAGINE trial). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 143, Article 103876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103876

Pile, V., Williamson, G., Saunders, A., Holmes, E. A., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2021). Harnessing emotional mental imagery to reduce anxiety and depression in young people: An integrative review of progress and promise. Lancet Psychiatry, 8(9), 836–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00195-4

Ji, J. L., Murphy, F. C., Grafton, B., MacLeod, C., & Holmes, E. A. (2022). Emotional mental imagery generation during spontaneous future thinking: relationship with optimism and negative mood. Psychological Research, 86, 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-021-01501-w

Singh, L., Rathbone, C., Mould, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2022). Future self-imagery of young people in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory mixed methods analysis. Current Psychology. (New Brunswick, N.J.), 1–15. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04100-z Open Science Framework Link: https://osf.io/pvx87/

Holmes, E. A., Geddes, J. R., Colom, F., & Goodwin, G. M. (2008). Mental imagery as an emotional amplifier: application to bipolar disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(12), 1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.09.005

Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2009). Bipolar anxiety. Revista de Psiquiatria Y Salud Mental, 02(02), 95-98.

Deeprose, C., Malik, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2011). Measuring intrusive prospective imagery using the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES): psychometric properties and relation to risk for bipolar disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. 4(2), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2011.4.2.187 http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3442225

Holmes, E. A., Deeprose, C., Fairburn, C. G., Wallace-Hadrill, S. M. A., Bonsall, M. B., Geddes, J. R., & Goodwin, G. M. (2011). Mood stability versus mood instability in bipolar disorder: a possible role for emotional mental imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(10), 707-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.008

Bonsall, M. B., Wallace-Hadrill, S. M. A., Geddes, J. R., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Non-linear time series approaches in characterising mood stability and mood instability in bipolar disorder. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1730), 916-924. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1246

Miklowitz, D. J., Price, J., Holmes, E. A., Rendell, J., Bell, S., Budge, K.., Christensen, J., Wallace, J., Simon, J., Goodwin, G. M. & Geddes, J. R. (2012). Facilitated Integrated Mood Management for Adults with Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 14(2), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00998.x

Malik, A., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Contemporary approaches to frequent mood monitoring in bipolar disorder. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3(4), 572-581. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.014311

Di Simplicio, M., McInerney, J. E., Goodwin, G. M., Attenburrow, M., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Revealing the mind’s eye: bringing (mental) images into psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(12), 1245-1246. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12040499

Malik, A., Goodwin, G. M., Hoppitt, L., & Holmes, E. A. (2014). Hypomanic experience in young adults confers vulnerability to intrusive imagery after experimental trauma: relevance for bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(6), 675-684. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614527433

Ivins, A., Di Simplicio, M., Close, H., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2014). Mental imagery in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: investigating cognitions at times of ‘positive’ mood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 166, 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.007

Stratford, H., Cooper, M. J., Di Simplicio, M. C., Blackwell, S. E. & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Psychological therapy for anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Clinical Psychological Review, 35, 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.002

Di Simplicio, M., Holmes, E. A., & Rathbone, C. J. (2015). Self-images in the present and future: role of affect and the bipolar phenotype. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.042

Bonsall, M. B., Geddes, J. R., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2015). Bipolar disorder dynamics: affective instabilities, relaxation oscillations and noise. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 12(112), pii: 20150670. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0670

Ng, R. M. K., Burnett Heyes, S., McManus, F., Kennerley, H., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 62(1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015597951

Ng, R. M. K, Di Simplicio, M., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). Mental imagery and bipolar disorders: introducing scope for psychological treatment development? [Editorial]. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 62(2),110-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015615905

Holmes, E. A., Bonsall, M. B., Hales, S. A., Mitchell, H., Renner, F., Blackwell, S. E., Watson, P., Goodwin, G. M., & Di Simplicio, M. (2016). Applications of time-series analysis to mood fluctuations in bipolar disorder to promote treatment innovation: a case series. Translational Psychiatry, 6, e720. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.207

Goodwin, G. M., Haddad, P. M., Ferrier, I. N., Aronson, J. K., Barnes, T., Cipriani, A., Coghill, D. R., Fazel, S., Geddes, J. R., Grunze, H., Holmes, E. A., Howes, O., Hudson, S., Hunt, N., Jones, I., Macmillan, I. C., McAllister-Williams, H., Miklowitz, D. R., Morriss, R., Munafò, M., Paton, C., Saharkian, B. J., Saunders, K., Sinclair, J., Taylor, D., Vieta, E., & Young, A. H. (2016). Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(6), 495-553. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116636545

Bilderbeck, A. C., Atkinson, L., McMahon, H., Voysey, M., Simon, J., Price, J., Rendell, J., Geddes, J. R., Holmes, E. A., & Goodwin, G. M. (2016). Psychoeducation and online mood tracking for patients with bipolar disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 205, 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.064

Di Simplicio, M., Renner, F., Blackwell, S. E., Mitchell, H., Stratford, H., Watson, P., Meyers, N., Nobre, A., Lau-Zhu, A., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). An investigation of mental imagery in bipolar disorder: exploring “the mind’s eye”. Bipolar Disorders, 18, 669-689. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12453

O’Donnell, C., Di Simplicio, M., Brown, R., Holmes, E. A., & Burnett Heyes, S. (2017). The role of mental imagery in mood amplification: An investigation across subclinical features of bipolar disorders. Cortex, 105, 104-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.010

Hales, S. A., Di Simplicio, M., Iyadurai, L., Blackwell, S. E., Young, K., Fairburn, C. G., Geddes, J. R., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Imagery-focused cognitive therapy (ImCT) for mood instability and anxiety in a small sample of patients with bipolar disorder: a pilot clinical audit. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 46(6), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465818000334

Martens, K., Takano, K., Barry, T. J., Holmes, E. A., Wyckaert, S., & Raes, F. (2019). Remediating reduced memory specificity in bipolar disorder: A case study using a Computerized Memory Specificity Training. Brain and Behavior, 9(12), Article e01468. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1468

Steel, C., Wright, K., Goodwin, G., Simon, J., Morant, N., Taylor, R., Brown, M., Jennings, S., Hales, S., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). The IBER study: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder.  Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 6, Article 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-020-00628-8

Vannucci, C., Bonsall, M. B., Di Simplicio, M., Cairns, A., Holmes, E. A., & Burnett Heyes, S. (2022). Positive moods are all alike? Differential affect amplification effects of ‘elated’ versus ‘calm’ mental imagery in young adults reporting hypomanic-like experiences. Translational Psychiatry, 12, 453. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02213-4

Steel, C., Wright, K., Goodwin, G. M., Simon, J., Morant, N., Taylor, R. S., Brown, M., Jennings, S., Hales, S. A., Regan, J., Sibsey, M., Thomas, Z., Meredith, L., & Holmes, E. A. (2023). The IBER study: a feasibility andomized controlled trial of imagery based emotion regulation for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, 11(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00305-8

Holmes, E. A., Crane, C., Fennell, M. J. V., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Imagery about suicide in depression – “flash-forwards”? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(4), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.004

Hales, S. A., Deeprose, C., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2011) Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: imaging suicide. Bipolar Disorders, 13(7-8), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00954.x

Crane, C., Shah, D., Barnhofer, T., & Holmes, E. A. (2012). Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.741

Ng, R. M. K., Di Simplicio, M., McManus, F., Kennerley, H., & Holmes, E. A. (2016). ‘Flash-forwards’ and suicidal ideation: a prospective investigation of mental imagery, entrapment and defeat in a cohort from the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey. Psychiatry Research, 246, 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.018

van Bentum, J., S. Sijbrandij, M., Huibers, M. J. H., Huisman, A., Arntz, A., Holmes, E. A., & Kerkhof, A. J. F. M. (2017). Treatment of intrusive suicidal imagery using eye movements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: Special Issue ‘From Understanding Suicide Risk to Preventing Suicide’, 14(714), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070714

van Bentum, J. S., Sijbrandij, M., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Huisman, A., Arntz, A. R., Holmes, E. A., Franx, G., Mokkenstorm, J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2019). Treating repetitive suicidal intrusions using eye movements: study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 143. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2129-0

Schultebraucks, K., Duesenberg, M., Di Simplicio, M. C., Holmes, E. A., & Roepke, S. (2020). Suicidal Imagery in Borderline Personality Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(4), 546-564. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_406

Di Simplicio, M., Appiah-Kusi, E., Wilkinson, P., Watson, P., Meiser-Stedman, C., Kavanagh, D., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). Imaginator: a proof-of-concept feasibility trial of a brief imagery-based psychological intervention for young people who self-harm. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 50(3), 724-740, Article e12620. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12620

van Bentum, J. S., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Huibers, M. J. H., Holmes E. A., de Geus, S., & Sijbrandij, M. (2023) The Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale (SINAS): a new tool measuring suicidal intrusions. Frontiers Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158340

van Bentum, J.S., Sijbrandij, M., Kerkhof, A. J.F.M, Holmes, E.A., Arntz, A., Bachrach, N., Bollen, C.S.C., Creemers, D., van Dijk, M.K., Dingemanse, P., van Haaren, M., Hesseling, M., Huisman, A., Kraanen, F.L, Stikkelbroek, Y., Twisk, J., Van, H.L., Vrijsen, J., de Winter, R.F.P. & Huibers, M.J.H. (in press) Reducing Intrusive Suicidal Mental Images in Patients with Depressive Symptoms Through a Dual Task Add-on Module: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000874

O’Connor, R. C., Hotopf, M., Worthman, C. M., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Silver, R. C., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Simpson, A., Madan, I., Cowan, K., Bullmore, E., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors’ reply. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(7), e44–e45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30247-9

Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., Worthman, C. M., Yardley, L., Cowan, K., Cope, C., Hotopf M., & Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1

Hotopf, M., Bullmore, E., O’Connor, R. C., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). The scope of mental health research in the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 217(4), 540-542. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.125

Holmes, E. A., Craske, M. G., & Graybiel, A. M. (2014). A call for mental-health science. Clinicians and neuroscientists must work together to understand and improve psychological treatments [Comment]. Nature, 511(7509), 287-289. https://doi.org/10.1038/511287a

Milton, A. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2018). Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue and seeing further. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373(1742), 20170022. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0022

Goodwin, G. M., Holmes, E. A., Andersson, E., Browning M., Jones, A., Lass-Hennemann, J., Månsson, K. N. T., Moessnang, C., Salemink E., Sanchez, A., van Zutphen, L., & Visser, R. M. (2018). From neuroscience to evidence based psychological treatments – the promise and the challenge, ECNP March 2016, Nice, France. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(2), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.10.036

Wilhelm, S., Jaroszewski, A., Berg, M., Haberkamp, Anke., Hofmann, S. (2024). The future of psychological treatments: The Marburg Declaration. Clinical Psychology Review,Vol. 110, 2024, 102417, ISSN 0272-7358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102417

Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., Roiser, J. P., Bockting, C. L. H., O’Connor, R. C., Shafran, R., Moulds, M. L., & Craske, M. G. (2018). The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Psychological Treatments Research in Tomorrow’s Science. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(3), 237-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30513-8

Singh, L., Espinosa, L., Ji, J., Moulds, M. L., & Holmes, E. A. (2020). Developing thinking around mental health science: The example of intrusive, emotional mental imagery after psychological trauma. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 25(5), 348–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2020.1804845